Engraved illustration of Benjamin Franklin seated at his desk

Benjamin Franklin at his desk • Mezzotint by engraver Edward Fisher, ca. 1763

On plate tectonics, old Ben got it right 200 years ago

Ben­jamin Franklin is usu­al­ly depict­ed as a grand­fa­ther­ly fel­low, port­ly and genial, who would be at home by the fire of an 18th-cen­tu­ry tav­ern, with a long-stemmed pipe in one hand and a tankard of porter in the oth­er. In the famil­iar por­trait of Franklin by his con­tem­po­rary Edward Fish­er, the great man seems fixed to his chair by a kind of weary contentment.

Map of underwater topography

The underwater topography of the world's oceans (Public Domain)

Image of the Earth's tectonic plates

The eggshell Earth • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Public Domain)